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Reviving the Dying Art of the Kumhars (Potters)

The kumhars, or pottery artisans, are closely associated with the earthen lamps used in festivals such as Dev Deepawali. Their work transforms clay into small, functional vessels whose visual impact grows when thousands are placed together. Supporting the craft means caring about livelihoods, not just buying an inexpensive diya.

Kartik PurnimaVaranasi · 24 Nov 2026Sustainability & the Future of Kashi
काशी
DEV DEEPAWALI
Panchganga Ghat in Varanasi during Dev Deepawali
Panchganga Ghat in Varanasi during Dev Deepawali

From clay to lamp

Traditional pottery involves choosing and preparing clay, shaping vessels, drying them, firing them, and sorting finished pieces. Some artisans use hand-powered wheels; others use electric wheels or other equipment. Modern tools are not evidence that craftsmanship has disappeared. The skill remains in judging the material, wall thickness, drying time, firing quality, and usable shape of each lamp.

Another view of Ganga Maha Aarti during Dev Deepawali
Riverfront context: Another view of Ganga Maha Aarti during Dev Deepawali. The image illustrates Varanasi's Dev Deepawali setting.

The economics behind the spectacle

Large orders can provide seasonal work, but pricing pressure, breakage, fuel costs, and uncertain demand affect income. Visitors and institutions can support fair trade by sourcing locally, ordering in reasonable quantities, and paying on time. When interviewing makers, avoid imposing a “dying art” narrative without evidence from the people involved. Ask what would genuinely help the business thrive.

How to buy with care

  • Look for local, unpainted clay pieces that hold oil safely on a level surface.
  • Avoid bargaining so aggressively that the craftsperson loses a fair margin.
  • Reuse undamaged lamps when suitable and store them dry.
  • Credit the artisan or workshop if you publish a feature about their work.

Common question

Are electric pottery wheels inauthentic? No. Tools evolve; craftsmanship lies in material knowledge and production skill, and artisans should be free to choose efficient methods.